Headache how to treat it

Headache tips and when to seek care

First, a quick check: if you have any red flags, call a healthcare professional now or seek urgent care. Red flags include severe "worst ever" headache, sudden onset with fever/neck stiffness, confusion, weakness on one side, vision changes, head injury with loss of consciousness, or persistent headache lasting days.

Common, gentle strategies for non-urgent headaches

Hydration and basics

• Drink water or electrolyte-containing fluids if you’re dehydrated.
• Try to limit caffeine if you’re using it heavily, or reintroduce a small amount if you usually don’t.

Rest and environment

• Dim lights, reduce screen time.
• Try a short nap (20–30 minutes) if you’re sleep-deprived.
• Apply a cool or warm compress to the head/neck, whichever feels better.

Over-the-counter options (general guidance)

• Acetaminophen (paracetamol) or NSAIDs like ibuprofen or naproxen can help many headaches.
• Follow the label for dosing and avoid combining multiple products with the same active ingredient.
• Do not use NSAIDs if you have certain medical conditions (e.g., stomach ulcers, kidney issues, certain heart conditions) or if you’re pregnant without medical advice. Use acetaminophen if NSAIDs are not suitable.
• Avoid giving NSAIDs to certain groups (e.g., people with known NSAID allergies, certain kidney or GI issues) without a clinician’s guidance.

Headache-specific patterns and options

• Tension-type headache: often feels like a tight band around the head; hydration, rest, gentle stretching, and NSAIDs or acetaminophen as needed.
• Migraines: may involve throbbing pain, nausea, light/sound sensitivity, or aura. Rest in a dark, quiet room; staying hydrated helps. Triptans (a prescription option) and other migraine meds are sometimes used—discuss with a clinician if migraines are common for you.
• Sinus headaches: facial pressure with nasal symptoms; decongestants or saline nasal irrigation can help.

Non-medication strategies that can help

• Regular sleep schedule, consistent meals, and stress management (breathing exercises, mindfulness, yoga).
• Aerobic exercise (when you’re feeling well) can reduce frequency of some headaches over time.
• Avoid known triggers if you have established migraines (certain foods, strong smells, skipping meals, dehydration).

When to see a healthcare provider (timing and reasons)

• If headaches are new, changed in pattern, or progressively worse.
• If headaches occur after head injury.
• If you have a fever, stiff neck, confusion, eye problems, weakness, or slurred speech.
• If headaches are frequent (more than 2–3 times per week) or disabling.
• If you’re pregnant or breastfeeding, or you have chronic medical conditions and regularly take medications.
• If you’re considering starting or changing preventive migraine therapy.

Safe-medicine reminders

• Always read labels and dosing instructions.
• Avoid using acetaminophen if you have liver disease or heavy alcohol use unless advised by a clinician.
• Use NSAIDs with caution if you have stomach ulcers, kidney disease, heart conditions, or are on certain meds. Take with food if advised.
• If you’re taking blood thinners, certain antidepressants, or other prescription meds, check with a clinician or pharmacist before NSAIDs.